Optimization of Fuel Blends for Improved Combustion Efficiency and Reduced Emissions in Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract

The increasing demand for alternative fuels has driven research on fuel blends to improve engine performance and reduce harmful emissions. This study investigates the effect of different fuel blends (F0, F10, F20, and F30) on Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), and emissions, including Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). The results show a significant reduction in BSFC, from 245 g/kWh at F0 to 200 g/kWh at F30, indicating enhanced fuel efficiency. Additionally, BTE increased from 24% at F0 to 30% at F30, suggesting improved energy conversion efficiency. Regarding emissions, HC emissions exhibited a declining trend with increased fuel blend ratios, demonstrating more complete combustion. CO emissions showed a slight increase at higher blend levels, requiring further optimization. Meanwhile, CO and NOx emissions decreased significantly, with CO levels dropping from 0.33% at F0 to 0.18% at F30, and NOx emissions reducing from 100 ppm at F0 to 65 ppm at F30. These findings confirm that optimized fuel blends can enhance engine performance while minimizing environmental impact. The study provides a comprehensive evaluation of fuel blend effects and highlights the potential of blended fuels as a sustainable alternative. Future research should focus on refining blend compositions to maximize efficiency and minimize emissions under varying engine conditions.