Sustainability Assessment of Biocoke as an Alternative Fuel: A Comparative Study

Abstract

The increasing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable energy sources have driven research into alternative fuels. This study evaluates the sustainability of biocoke as an alternative fuel by comparing its characteristics, emissions, economic feasibility, and combustion efficiency with conventional fuels such as coal-based coke and charcoal. The proximate and ultimate analysis revealed that biocoke contains 75% fixed carbon, lower than coal-based coke (85%) but higher than charcoal (70%). Its heating value of 26 MJ/kg is comparable to conventional fuels, making it a viable alternative. Additionally, biocoke has a lower ash content (5%) than coal-based coke (10%), reducing solid waste generation during combustion. Emission analysis indicated that biocoke reduces CO₂ emissions by 25%, producing 150 kg/ton compared to 200 kg/ton from coal-based coke. Furthermore, SO₂ and NOₓ emissions from biocoke are significantly lower, attributed to its lower sulfur and nitrogen content. From an economic perspective, biocoke’s production cost is currently 150 USD/ton, higher than 100 USD/ton for coal-based coke but expected to decrease with technological advancements. Combustion efficiency tests showed biocoke’s efficiency at 88%, slightly lower than 92% for coal-based coke but superior to charcoal at 80%. Biocoke presents a promising alternative fuel with lower emissions, comparable heating value, and high combustion efficiency, making it suitable for industrial applications. However, optimization of production processes and policy support are essential to improve its economic feasibility and widespread adoption. Future research should explore large-scale applications and co-firing potential to enhance energy efficiency further