Constructed Wetland as an Alternative for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Residential Areas

Abstract

Domestic wastewater management in developing countries still faces obstacles due to limited sanitation infrastructure, which can pollute the environment and endanger public health. One promising solution to overcome this problem is Constructed Wetland (CW), a vegetation-based treatment system that mimics the natural mechanism of wetlands in filtering and decomposing pollutants. This study aims to design a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant using Combined Wetland technology, which includes an equalization tank, sedimentation tank, and Subsurface Flow CW. The case study was conducted in Lam Trieng Madani Housing, Aceh Besar Regency, which does not yet have an adequate wastewater treatment system. The technologies selected in this study are equalization tanks, sedimentation tanks, and CW SSF type. CW is a complex technology in processing wastewater and has an aesthetic value that makes CW very suitable for application in rural environments. The planning stages include identifying problems, searching for various literature studies, collecting data, processing data, planning design, and creating a Combination CW and DWTP design. The calculation results in the form of a processing unit design drawing for the equalization tank dimensions are 1.5 m × 0.5 m × 2.3 m with a required land of 0.75 m², a sedimentation tank with dimensions of 2 m × 1 m × 3.5 m, a required land of 2 m² and SSFCW dimensions of 19 m × 5 m × 1.2 m with a required land of 95 m². The total land needed for this planning is 97.75 m².