Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Initiatives at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah

Abstract

The transition to renewable energy is crucial in achieving sustainability and carbon neutrality. This study reviews the renewable energy initiatives implemented at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), including solar, wind, hydro, and biodiesel energy systems. The findings reveal that UMPSA has installed a total solar energy capacity of 3.58 MWp, supplying up to 75% of the campus’s electricity needs. Solar energy installations generated 269,318 kWh between 2022 and 2023, significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Wind energy has also been integrated, with wind turbines generating up to 22 kW since 2012, supporting campus operations and research activities. Additionally, small-scale hydro systems, including the Sea-Lite seawater electrolysis and pico hydro projects, contributed 1,116.9 kWh of electricity annually. Furthermore, the biodiesel initiative has produced 2,640 litres annually, generating 10,150 kWh of energy while promoting waste-to-energy conversion. These efforts align with Malaysia’s 2050 carbon neutrality goal and demonstrate the potential of academic institutions in leading the renewable energy transition. The study concludes that UMPSA’s integrated renewable energy systems provide significant environmental, economic, and educational benefits. Future recommendations include expanding renewable energy projects, enhancing efficiency, and fostering collaborations with industry and government to strengthen Malaysia’s green energy agenda. The results of this study highlight the role of universities in promoting sustainable energy solutions and provide a model for similar institutions to adopt renewable energy strategies.