Visual Inspection of Mechanical Damage on Cessna 172 External Components at an Aviation Vocational School Hangar

Abstract

Aircraft airworthiness and safety depend heavily on regular inspections to identify mechanical damage that may affect structural integrity and operational performance. This study aimed to identify, classify, and evaluate mechanical damage on the external components of a Cessna 172 aircraft (PK-AFB) located at the Aceh Aviation Vocational School Hangar. A qualitative descriptive research method was employed using a visual inspection approach based on the aircraft maintenance manual and inspection checklist. The inspection covered major external components, including the fuselage, wings, empennage, landing gear, and propeller. Data were collected through direct observation and photographic documentation, and the identified defects were categorized into good, minor, moderate, and severe damage levels. The results revealed various forms of mechanical deterioration, including corrosion, cracks, dents, deformation, loose fasteners, abrasion, and component degradation. Most fuselage, wing, and propeller components were classified as good to minor damage. However, severe damage was identified in several critical components, particularly the horizontal stabilizers, drain valves, shock absorber system, axle and bearing assemblies, brake system components, and tires. Corrosion was the most frequently observed defect across the aircraft. The study demonstrates that visual inspection is an effective method for assessing visible mechanical damage and determining the general condition of aircraft structures. The findings provide valuable information for maintenance planning, airworthiness evaluation, and aviation maintenance training activities.